Symptoms According to Standard Theory
The following list outlines the primary symptoms in the DSM.
Each symptom is labelled according to the related category
of The Standard Theory of Psychology preliminarily as follows:
Irregular Impulse - components of impulse, subtraction, or compression
Intimacy Dysfunction - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Social Identity Disorder - 9, 8, 7, 17, 27, 54, 117, gapping
Irregular Impulse - metaphysical, impulsive, compulsive, compulsive impulse
Memory-based (delusion) - cyclic
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MOOD & EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE
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- Persistent sadness or low mood - 2
- Reduced interest or pleasure - 3
- Elevated or expansive mood - 2
- Irritability - 2
- Emotional numbness - 17
- Excessive guilt or shame - 17
- Hopelessness - 17
- Rapid mood changes - 2
- Excessive worry - 17
- Disproportionate fear - 2/gapping
- Sudden panic or fear surges - 2/gapping
- Emotional detachment - 17
- Difficulty experiencing positive emotions - 17
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THOUGHT CONTENT & PERCEPTION
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- Intrusive or unwanted thoughts - 1
- Obsessions - 3
- Compulsions - 3
- Persistent doubts - 3
- Rumination - 3
- Catastrophic thinking - 1
- Delusional beliefs - 1/cyclic
- Grandiosity - 1
- Paranoia or suspicious thinking - 1
- Thought blocking - 1
- Hallucinations (any sensory type) - 1
- Distorted reality perception - 1
- Magical or irrational beliefs - 1
- Suicidal thoughts - 1
- Preoccupation with death - 1
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COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING
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- Concentration difficulties - 3
- Impaired attention - 3
- Memory problems - 2, cyclic
- Mental confusion - 3
- Disorganized thinking - 1, 3
- Racing thoughts - 3
- Slowed thinking - 1
- Poor decision-making - 3
- Cognitive rigidity - 3
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BEHAVIOR & ACTIVITY
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- Psychomotor agitation - component of impulse
- Psychomotor slowing - component of impulse
- Impulsivity - impulsive communication
- Risk-taking behavior - compulsive communication
- Avoidance behaviors - 3
- Social withdrawal - 3
- Repetitive behaviors - 3
- Ritualistic actions - 3
- Aggression - 2
- Self-injury - 1
- Substance use behaviors - impulsive
- Loss of behavioral control - impulsive
- Excessive reassurance seeking - 17
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SLEEP & ENERGY
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- Difficulty sleeping - 2
- Excessive sleeping - 2
- Restless sleep - 2
- Reduced need for sleep - 2
- Fatigue - 2
- Low energy - 2
- Physical restlessness - 2
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APPETITE & WEIGHT
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- Increased appetite - 2
- Decreased appetite - 2
- Weight gain - 2
- Weight loss - 2
- Restrictive eating - 2
- Binge eating - 2
- Purging behaviors - 2
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ANXIETY & STRESS RESPONSES
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- Heightened stress response - 3
- Inability to relax - 3
- Hypervigilance - 3
- Exaggerated startle response - Gap
- Avoidance of reminders - 17
- Re-experiencing distress - 3
- Dissociation - 1
- Emotional reactivity to stress - Impulsive
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IDENTITY & SELF-EXPERIENCE
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- Identity disturbance - 1, 5
- Unstable self-image - 1, 5
- Chronic emptiness - 1
- Depersonalization - 1
- Derealization - 1
- Dependence on others for decisions - 17
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INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING
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- Fear of abandonment - 17
- Relationship instability - 17
- Social anxiety - 5
- Distrust of others - 1
- Interpersonal sensitivity - 3
- Boundary instability - 4
- Frequent interpersonal conflict - 3, impulsive
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SPEECH & COMMUNICATION
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- Pressured speech - 3
- Rapid speech - 3
- Reduced speech output - 3
- Monotone speech - 3
- Circumstantial speech - 27
- Tangential speech - 27
- Incoherent speech - 3
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MOTIVATION & GOAL-DIRECTED ACTIVITY
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- Reduced motivation - 3
- Lack of initiative - 3
- Difficulty completing tasks - 3
- Excessive goal-directed activity - 3
- Difficulty sustaining effort - 3
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PHYSICAL & SOMATIC EXPERIENCES
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- Unexplained physical symptoms - 2
- Stress-related pain - 2
- Gastrointestinal distress linked to stress - 2
- Muscle tension - 2
- Preoccupation with bodily symptoms - 2
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SEXUAL & INTIMATE FUNCTIONING
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- Reduced sexual interest - metaphysical
- Increased sexual drive - 2
- Sexual risk-taking - compulsive
- Sexual functioning distress - metaphysical
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INSIGHT & SELF-AWARENESS
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- Limited insight - 1, 7
- Denial of difficulties - 5
- Externalization of blame - 3, 17
- Over-identification with symptoms - 7, 8
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DEVELOPMENTAL & ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING
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- Difficulty adapting to change - 3
- Repetitive interests or behaviors - 3
- Sensory sensitivity - 2
- Emotional regulation difficulties - 17
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